Middle School Expository Essay Topics - How You Can Make A Difference In The Life Of Your Kids

Middle School Expository Essay Topics - How You Can Make A Difference In The Life Of Your KidsTo express your thoughts on the life events of the years, middle school expository essay topics should emphasize the importance of school life and how it is taught to the students. Students are likely to consider the teacher as a role model for themselves because they will interact with the teacher.Middle school students are more aware of their peers as their peers at high school level students are considered as influential for their peers, but middle school students do not expect anything from others that would be expected from their peers. The event that may have affected their lives or changed them as a person in middle school will surely influence their choices in their future life in life after middle school.Middle school students are often very eager to compare themselves to the others and to find out what are the traits that make them better than the others. They are highly dependent on the circle of friends that they made in middle school and the circle of parents that they have made throughout their childhood and adolescence.Middle schoolers are eager to look for similarities with their peers at high school because they can tell if a student is just like them or not based on what they think about a certain student. A typical middle school student will try to find common experiences with other students so that they can be more similar to each other.Since the middle school students are in the process of growing up, they need to explore the world around them. By participating in extracurricular activities, they learn about different cultures and different ideas.Middle school students are highly interested in getting involved in an organized sport activity because they want to learn new things and become good at sports. Besides this, students would love to get involved in extra-curricular activities such as doing a field trip, participating in a pep rally, organiz ing a drama class, or an art class. middle school The right middle school expository essay topics can make a big difference in the way the student is viewed by their peers. The correct and perfect middle school expository essay topics can make a positive impact on the student's life in the future and make them more aware of the importance of learning life's lessons from past events.

Social Anxiety And Avoidance Behaviors - 848 Words

Moreover, White et al. (2014) explain that deficits in ER impact behavioral factors that have been shown to cause anxiety manifestations. These ER deficits contribute to anxiety symptoms in that conditioning and avoidance behaviors are impaired. The inability to control emotion related to distress or fear contributes to conditioned fear responses. These conditioned fears perpetuate the necessity to engage in avoidance behaviors, which is core feature of social anxiety and is classified as a maladaptive ER strategy. Sensory issued in individuals with ASD have long been thought to be linked to anxiety, and White et al. state, â€Å"sensory symptoms correlate with anxiety severity in children with ASD† (2014). Sensory issues in anxious individuals with ASD are likely linked to hyper-vigilance to their environment, as well as the potential for an additional common causal factor such as functional abnormalities in the amygdala. This is due to the role of the amygdala, integrating a nd responding to sensory input relating to perceived threats. While not all individuals with ASD experience hyper-arousal of sensory pathways, this over-responsivity provides preliminary evidence that directly links sensory issued to anxiety (White, et al., 2014). Diverting from factors of which have been shown to potentially contribute to the appearance of anxiety in individuals with ASD, additional research has been done to explore the notion that common ASD features directly result from comorbid anxiety.Show MoreRelatedSchool Avoidance Behavior And School Behavior1420 Words   |  6 PagesSchool avoidance behavior occurs when students avoid attending school based on intrapersonal and psychological conflicts. Children coping with moderate levels of anxiety or stress may find it easier to avoid the educational setting if within it holds the triggers to their distress. Students often display avoidance behavior in an effort to escape settings in which they have previously felt levels of crippling stress and anxiety. In order to successfully manage a child displaying school avoidance behaviorRead MoreInfluences of Attachment Theory on Personality Development 1148 Words   |  5 Pagesstyles of behavior. Research conducted by Festa and Ginsburg (2011) examined the impact of parental and peer factors on the development of social anxiety amongst children. Further research conducted by Li and Chan (2012) examined the specific impact of anxiety and avoidant attachment styles on the development of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral indicators in determining the quality of romantic relationships amongst adults (Li Chan, 2012). Individuals that possess social anxiety disorder (SAD)Read MoreAccording To The National Institute Of Mental Health, Social1315 Words   |  6 PagesMental Health, social anxiety is a mental disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 12%. It is characterized by a persistent, intense and chronic fear of being scrutinized by others when engaging in, as well as a fear of, social interactions. In this form of anxiety, individuals are afraid of saying or doing something that will embarrass or humiliate them and have unrealistic appraisals of the negative consequences of social encounters. There are many factors that contribute to social anxiety such as sexualRead MoreThe Core Tenets Of Social Defense Theory Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagescauses for a number of psychological concerns (Dozier, Stovall-McClough, Albus, 2008). The development of social defense theory, however, provides an entirely new interpretation of attachment – that all attachment dispositions (secure, anxious, and avoidant) have access to different cognitive schemas that provide advantages in dealing with a threatening situation (Ein-Dor, 2015). Further, social defense theory suggests that groups made up of all three dispositions are ultimately more effective thanRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt ) And With Exposure Therapy1556 Words   |  7 PagesSpecific Aims Social anxiety is usually treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and with exposure therapy. However, I think that integrating components of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) would improve the efficacy of the treatment for social anxiety. I am proposing to incorporate a skills training group and a mandatory diary in addition to the CBT and the exposure therapy; I also plan to really focus on creating a life worth living. I think that aggregating these two components will improveRead MoreCase Study : The Social Anxiety Or Phobia Can Be Defined As An Excessive Fear Of Social Situations1079 Words   |  5 PagesStudy 1: Marla Marla is a 24-year-old woman who recently graduated from college and began a new job at an advertising firm. She suffers from extreme fear of social situations. In college, she avoided parties and large gatherings and tended to keep to herself. Now that she is working, it is becoming increasingly difficult for her to avoid social situations. Her boss and co-workers expect her to attend office functions and client parties as networking is a large part of the job. Marla is very artisticRead MoreAn Interpretation Of Two Behavior Therapy Methods For Patients With Social Phobia1317 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpretation of two behavior therapy methods for patients with Social Phobia Social Phobia is the fear of being embarrassed or being judged by others. This fear restricts the person from living their everyday lives. It is also characterized as a type of anxiety disorder. A greater part of patients who inhibit this disorder report encountering adverse images, these negative images are connected to memories from the past in which the person experienced a traumatic event. The behavior therapy used in thisRead MoreImpact Of Autism And Anxiety On Children And Adolescents1349 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Autism and Anxiety on Children and Adolescents One regarded as rare, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) – which includes autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), have received a great deal of professional and scientific attention (White, Oswald, Ollendick, Scahill, 2009). ASDs are characterized by impairment in social communication as well as the presence of repetitive behaviors and restricted interests (American PsychiatricRead MoreStuttering Is A Communication Disorder That Involuntary Effects The Fluency Of Speech1479 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-typical disfluencies in order to assess their fluency of speech. Secondary behaviors including physical tension, frustration, and avoidance can be accompanied by disfluencies in speech. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition provided diagnostic criteria for children who stutter. Although frequency can differ dependent on the day and the child’s environment, there are certain behaviors that can impact the child’s communication. Feeling pressure to talk, unfamiliar

The Play Arcadia Essay Sample free essay sample

Arcadia is a drama about the people who deals with life in a different position. It depicts the varied personalities and characters of every person. Each single portrays different functions to do the drama more exciting and meaningful to the audience. This drama besides exemplifies the difference between two periods of the English Literature—Enlightenment and Romanticism period. Enlightenment period trades with order. rational idea. conformance to accepted regulations and signifiers. looks at the classical Greeks and Romans as the prototype of simpleness. proportion. and reticent emotion in linguistic communication and art. Whereas. Romanticism exemplifies the antonym. It deals with abandon in nature. freedom. and it stresses individualism. The characters of the said drama were categorized into two—modern-day 1s and the romantics. The two classs have been confronting struggles in their point of position about life. The contemporary 1s are the intelligent persons. Their involvements were focused to mathematics and scientific discipline ; other genres have no involvement about to them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Play Arcadia Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The contemporary characters were Hannah Jarvis. Gus Coverly. Chloe Coverly. Bernard. Valentine. and Robert Noakes. They perceive the romantics as anchorite ( Septimus ) . They look at things into a more complicated manner. They think that they are far better than the romantics. Indeed. sometimes being intelligent causes persons to do things complicated. They even have the inclination to look at others to be smaller than them. Sometimes the complexness of head brings every person to judge people by merely establishing it with their ain theories. That entirely would make pandemonium non merely between persons. but to the whole universe.

The Picture Of Dorian Gray Essays (605 words) - Film,

The Picture Of Dorian Gray I believe a great deal of thought went into the writing of this book. It is very detailed and in addition, it is very hard to sustain an allegory throughout. The Picture of Dorian Gray has many thought provoking phrases and paragraphs. There are many different literary techniques used such as foreshadowing in the first two chapters in very subtle undertones. Also used was a great amount of detail, which sets the mood for certain scenes, such as when, during the painting of Dorian Gray's portrait, Dorian and Lord Henry Wotton go into Basil Hallward's garden and converse. The author wrote the book as an attack on the British Aristocracy. It shows how the upper-crust citizen cared about what showed on the outside and that they wanted to stay ignorant to their souls. There are many, many hints as to this meaning in the book, for example: Lord Henry's line in paragraph 15 of page 206, ? I admit that I think it is better to be beautiful than to be good.? It explains how vain he was. I believe his character was made so utterly absurd to represent the entire upper class of contemporary London. Even the personal meaning of the corruption of Dorian Gray comes down to this one point. Since the masterpiece took all of the wrinkles, lines, and decay from Dorian Gray, he kept his youthfulness. This is what every upper-classed person would have loved? eternal outer beauty. This actually saved his life, in reference to James Vane and his revenge. Then, when he realized how horrible he had become, he ended his own life. The whole reason James Vane went after Dorian Gray was because of his sister, Sibyl. I felt horribly disgusted over Dorian's outburst at Sibyl Vane on her last night. He was in love with her acting, not her, and since she couldn't play a fake lover, because she knew what real love felt like, he became ashamed even to know her and he did the only thing that he thought of. Another aspect of the book is Carpe- Diem: to seize the day. After the portrait began to change, Dorian Gray only wanted to have fun? no matter what the consequences. I have to be honest, I had a very hard time with this book in the beginning, which is stressed in my journal. Later on, certain things came into focus and I caught on. In other words, I saw the light. I was trying too hard in the beginning, and I looked at in the wrong ?light both the book and the portrait. At first, I was confused, I didn't know what the author was trying to say and it frustrated me. I was trying to find the meaning of the portrait's changing, and how it fit in with a story about a man named Dorian Gray. On one level, I realized the portrait was of his other side, his soul, just as his persona represented the outer trappings of the British high society and, in another light, the portrait represented the inner realism and decay of their culture. His death meant a great deal to the story, because he finally realized his sins. He saw the horrible things that were happening to people who were around him, and he understood that all their problems/deaths could be ascribed to him. He got a true sense of his conscience, and he knew what he had to do. That relates to the ending of the Victorian Era because British society as a whole broke off some of its false veneer. Book Reports

Preventive Maintainance System in Primary Schools Essay Example

Preventive Maintainance System in Primary Schools Essay Example Preventive Maintainance System in Primary Schools Paper Preventive Maintainance System in Primary Schools Paper Everything built by man requires preventive maintenance especially schools built for the education of a country’s citizens. For Primary Schools to continue being ideal places of education for pupils and teachers alike, preventive maintenance should be regarded as an important aspect of the schools program. Commenting on preventive maintenance, PC Kaiser and Harvey H say this; â€Å"Preventive maintenance† means scheduled maintenance actions that prevents the premature failure or extends the useful life of a facility, or a facility’s systems and components that are cost-effective on a life-cycle basis. (PC, Kaiser, Harvey H 1991: 9-10) In this paper the term preventive maintenance has been used in a broader sense to include all those activities that are desirable and regularly scheduled to prevent premature failure or to maximize the useful life of a Primary School facility. This has been referred to as Preventive Management System and abbreviated PMS. For the purpose of this essay, preventive maintenance will be understood as planned and scheduled maintenance to all building systems, lawns, flowers, trees, school gardens, instruments, fittings and production unit. Scheduled activities includes things like daily sweeping and dusting, roof inspections, repainting of classrooms, door hardware adjustments, lubrication of mobile equipment, replacements of broken windows, caring for lawns and flowers, and pruning of trees. This paper has been divide into two main parts . The first part will look at five reasons why preventive maintenance system is important in a primary school. The second part will consider how preventive maintenance system is organized with reference to my school. It will also look at the challenges faced and suggested ways in which these challenges can be overcome. The first and most important reason why PMS is important is that it will maximize the useful life of School buildings. Huge public funds go into construction of these school facilities and therefore, to extend useful life span preventive maintenance must be carried out. Primary Schools are unique and exceptional from other building types due to their intense use and abuse and young occupants. If a preventive maintenance system is implemented in a primary school, it will ensure that a regular schedule of care and maintenance is followed. Any problems with the building and other school facilities are identified and corrected before they actually lead to a failure. This in itself will improve the useful life of the school buildings and improve the way they look. Some of this maintenance especially to buildings would require specialized services and cost some money. The school administration should arrange this through the ministry of education. In avoiding costs of major repairs, preventive, maintenance creates efficiencies. †(Marilyn Howard 2006: 4) Indeed replacement costs are avoided because repairs are done during preventive maintenance. The second reason is too prevent premature failure of buildings in the school. A preventive maintenance system if properly implemented would prevent premature failures to any building or school facilities that would interrupt occupant’s activities and the delivery of lessons. School buildings that operate trouble-free allow teachers to do their jobs efficiently and effectively. Because preventive maintenance includes regular inspections and replacement of equipment crucial to operating a building, maintenance staff reduces the problems that might otherwise lead to a breakdown in learning activities. Faults in school desks, windows, doors and many other facilities will be prevented as these things are maintained before they break down. This in effect reduces cost of replacements should item be left to completely wears out. When maintenance is delayed, one risks losing the true value of the capital, premature equipment failure, and product damage and production delays. †(Hardman1998:3). In terms of school infrastructure, well maintained buildings will not collapse or the roof will not be blown off during the rain seasons. This will improve the safety of both pupils and teachers. The third reason why PMS is important is that it can sustain a safe and healthful environment by keeping school buildings and their components in good repair and structurally sound. The school surrounding is an important aspect of learning environment. â€Å"A classroom with broken windows and cold drafts doesn’t foster effective learning. † (Forrojalla 1993: 15)Preventive maintenance in schools should include the regular watering of flowers and lawns and planting of trees. Trees and flowers should be an integral part of any learning institution. Proper care should be taken to ensure that these things do not pose any problems to buildings and pupils. Szuba T and R Young mphasize the fact that preventive maintenance is â€Å"†¦is about providing clean and safe environments for children. It is also about creating a physical setting that is appropriate and adequate for learning. †(Szuba T R Young 2003:11) The fourth reason is that a well developed preventive maintenance system involves all members of staff at the primary school and the pupils. Involvement of pupils in the preventive maintenance activities will instill a sense of responsib ility in the pupils and help them to grow into responsible citizens. This is also cost effective way of maintaining the school environment while inculcating the spirit of team work in the pupils and teachers. The overall benefit of a good learning environment as a result of the preventive maintenance system will make learning enjoyable for pupils. Pupils will grow with a sense of responsibility for public property and are more likely to avoid vandalism. The fifth and final reason considered is that a well organized PMS will ensure that buildings and surroundings function the way they were intended to do. This will reduce inefficiencies and make the building safe for the pupils and teachers all the time. There have been numerous reports of some remote schools in Zambia where roofs from classrooms are blown off during the rainy season while pupils and teachers are in class. This cannot happen where a serious preventive maintenance system is in place. The loose iron sheets could be identified and the problem rectified at minimal costs. A well organized preventive maintenance system is not a one man show. It requires that everyone be involved from the school headmaster to the pupils in the lowest grade. With a well planned mission and vision, different committees will be formed to participate in various aspects of the preventive maintenance and this will ensure team work amongst teachers and pupils working towards the same goal of making the school a safe place for effective learning. As different members of the different committees interact, they will learn to work together thereby fostering the spirit of teamwork. â€Å"Participants’ involvement in school facilities maintenance ranged from one to 30 years. Ten participants had experience of less than 10 years, three with less than 20 years, two with less than 30 years and one had 30 years of experience. † – (M I Xaba 2012: pp3). By involving different teachers in the committees with varying experiences, the PMS in primary school can work effectively and interactions amongst teachers and pupils fosters the spirit of team work which is a vital in society. In the light of its significance, it is necessary that a preventive maintenance system be accorded high priority as part of a school’s schedule aimed at promoting teaching and learning goals with effectiveness. As Coll and McCarthy put it, â€Å"School facilities can be broadly be classified into buildings, grounds and service systems. School buildings consist of the external building envelope, which comprises the building foundation and external walls of buildings, which, in conjunction with the roof, windows and external doors, separate accommodation from the external environment† (Coll McCarthy Architects, 1998:3-02)In this regard, the preventive maintenance system in a primary school is headed by the School Head teacher. This is the main Committee of the PMS. In return the head teacher puts in place various sub committees and appoints chairpersons for these committees. The deputy head teacher is appointed chairman general for all these committees and reports directly to the head teacher. In this way, despite having a busy schedule, the head teacher is the overall supervisor and system owner for the PMS. The main PMS committee is chaired by the Head teacher and comprises the deputy head as secretary, the PTA chairperson, and all teachers who are chairpersons of various sub committees. In many instances, the Head teacher is also the financial officer of the organization and is therefore in a position to provide guidance when it comes to budgeting for requirements. This committee sits to draw up programs and policies and schedules and budgets for the entire school PMS. â€Å"Good plans include short- and long-term objectives, budgets, and timelines, all of which demonstrate organizational commitment to facilities maintenance. †(Szuba T R Young 2003: 13) The chairpersons of the sub committees will then take these decisions made for implementations in their areas. The main PMS committee therefore is responsible for the overall implementation of the programme. The main sub committees has been made to ensure that PMS runs properly are buildings and Construction Committee, School Furniture Committee, School Environment Committee, School Sports facilities Committee, School Production Unit Committee. Each committee is headed by a chairperson who ensures that policies and objectives of the school regarding PMS are implemented in his area of appointment. Teachers eading these committees may or may not have specialized training in these areas but they work in consultations with the school deputy head teacher and the head teacher. Building Construction Committee usually headed by the industrial arts teacher is responsible for the maintenance of all buildings all class teachers and the pupils are also involved in maintaining their classrooms in a clean state. The buildings and Construction committee implements, all programs to do with inspections of bu ildings, painting, replacement of window panes, roof maintenance and any construction works that are being undertaken. The chairperson records and updates the Head teacher and the deputy regularly on the success and problems faced during any period under review. The School furniture committee comes second to buildings and is comprised of the chairperson who is a teacher and includes several other class teachers. This committee ensures that all furniture in the school is in good condition especially pupil’s desks. They carry out regular inventories of all school furniture and allocate required numbers to various classrooms and offices. Regular reports on the status of school furniture are given to the deputy and head teacher. Another equally important subcommittee is the production unit committee. This is one of the largest main subcommittees with divisions such as gardening, poultry and School tuck shop. The committee is headed by one of the teachers known as the Production Unit coordinator. Each of the subcommittees has a teacher in charge that is responsible for direct management of the unit. Other In addition to teachers, a prefect called production Unit Captain. The production unit teacher, gardening ensures that a suitable area is identified within the school premises and each class is allocated a specified time to take care of the garden. The Tuck-shop committee ensures that the school tuck shop is well stocked and accurate records of accounts are maintained with regular reports going to the Head teacher. They may have additional income generating ventures like poultry and this falls under production unit. The production units subcommittee of preventive maintenance usually acts as an income generating unit of the school and is therefore very important. Apart from that, it can also result in pupils acquiring skills that can help them later in future. The sports facilities committee ensures that all school sports facilities are well maintained at scheduled times. The committee is made up of the Sports teacher, other teachers in charge various sports and a prefect called the sports captain. Together, this committee will coordinate the maintenance of sports infrasturre. Like the popular saying goes, â€Å"all work and no play make Jack a dull boy† sports play an important role in the development of pupils as responsible citizens. The formation and composition of these committees have made preventive maintenance system possible. This also makes it easy for the Head teacher and the deputy to have control of all aspects of the PMS by meeting with members of the main preventive maintenance committee. The Head teacher may not attend all meetings but the deputy head will be there to provide leadership and guidance. In most cases, members of the community through the Parent Teachers association PTA will also participate effectively. The buildings committee will ensure that School buildings are well maintained regularly. Regular maintenance of buildings will prevent premature failure of the buildings and preserve their original beauty. This will ensure that all school buildings including classrooms are well maintained and continue to be effective learning places. The committee has established a schedule that includes high dusting; cleaning of chalk or marker boards; emptying pencil sharpeners and wastebaskets; daily dust mopping of the floor. After the classroom is cleaned, the desks are arranged in an orderly manner, and windows cleaned. Each class has a daily cleaning schedule during which time these activities are carried out. In order to motivate the pupils, a reward system has been put in place. Inspections are done by different teachers during the week and the points for each class are recorded. After the inspections of the cleaned classrooms, each of them is graded and the overall best is given an award by the school administration at the end of the term. The Furniture subcommittee is important because effective learning cannot take place without desks for learners to sit on and write. The committee on furniture carries out regular inspections and all desks and teachers furniture that are not in good condition are taken for maintenance instead of waiting for them to breakdown completely. This avoids replacement costs which are high and reduces running costs. The teachers responsible ensure that learners are taught how to inspect the desks and remove those that need maintained. The school environment involves all class room surroundings, lawns and flowers. The teacher who is the chairperson of this committee has divided the entire school surrounding into zones that all allocated to different classes. The class teachers in turn supervise their classes and ensure that these areas are well maintained. Other school maintenance staff is involved where pupils cannot manage. Szuba and Young put it this way when talking about the school environment, â€Å"Students and staff thrive in an orderly, clean, and safe environment. † ((Szuba T R Young 2003: pp11) When it comes to production unit activities, all classes of pupils have been assigned a specific day of the week in which to perform their specified task. This may be any of the following, watering the school gardens, cleaning the poultry and dressing the chickens for sale. At the end of their assigned task, the preventive maintenance teacher will then do an inspection and offer some recommendations on whether the work has been done to his satisfaction. All the activities that are part of the school preventive maintenance must be planned and should be fully supported by management. â€Å"Effective maintenance plans reflect the vision and mission of the organization, include an accurate assessment of existing facilities, incorporate the perspectives of various stakeholder groups, and focus on preventive measures that ensure that capital investment is managed responsibly. (Szuba T R Young 2003: 7) Once the PMS plans are reflected in the school vision, it is very easy for all members to relate to them and carry out their roles. A work schedule for implementation of a PMS has been prepared which shows tasks to be carried out and times frequency. A sample of the preventive maintenance schedule is shown in figure 1. 0 for general cleaning and maintenance of school buildings and surroundings. In addition to this schedule, there must be an inspection schedule to for the Head teacher and the main PMS committee to carry out inspection. Figure 1. 0 – Schedule for General Cleaning, Classroom and environment.

Intercultural memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intercultural memo - Essay Example It is highly probable that we will see members of the other delegation use non verbal gestures for communication. In case you notice such a situation, please do not be offended as it is normal cultural practice in that part of the world. Negotiating Styles A prominent concern will be the negotiating style of the other delegation. Being a consanguine culture, negotiations will be slow to proceed because extensive consultation is part of the culture. Moreover, as the other delegation will be staffed largely by family members so convincing each and every member will be vital. During consultation in the Punjabi culture, especially in the families, the issue of social repercussions is eminent. For example, if a member of the other delegation feels that the deal with our company is detrimental, he may behave like a single issue voter and use social pressure to convince the other members not to deal with our company. Therefore, try not to be offensive during negotiations as the Punjabis rel y on impressions a lot. Another thing to keep in mind is that Punjabi is known as a rude language. People use high tones and volumes during communication which essentially makes the language seem rowdy.

Root Metaphors in Understanding Organisational Behavior Essay

Root Metaphors in Understanding Organisational Behavior - Essay Example Metaphors give a clearer understanding of the paradoxical and complex characteristics of organizational behavior. Some of the metaphors that have been used over time in reference to organizational behavior include organism, culture, machine and political systems. This paper will analyze some of the root metaphors that have been used to describe organizations. Organizations as Cultures Culture refers to a way of a people hence organizational culture denotes a pattern of basic assumptions adopted within a group. These assumptions act like the norm and any new member has to learn them (Phegan, 1996: pp. 25). These norms govern the interaction of people within an organization and the working relationship with those outside the organization. They define conduct for various situations (Parker, 2000, p.56). In analyzing organizations as cultures, the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory proposes that organizations adopt a culture as determined by the region they are located in (Hofs tede, 1991, p. 43). Organizational culture varies from one nation to another. An awareness of multiculturism is important for any organization. For instance, if an organization based in Britain chooses to extend its operations to the Arab nations, then it has to take into consideration the aspect of religion that is an important part of the lives of the Arabians. Hence, the organization will adjust its culture to accommodate its Arabian employees. According to Hofstede (1980, p. 67), national and regional cultural groupings affect organizational behavior. Different analysts have described organizational culture in various ways. Deal and Kennedy have four cultures (Deal and Kennedy, 1982, p.34). The ‘work-hard, play hard’ culture is one where the members of an organization put a lot of time into their work to be among the best. Such organizations are result oriented. Organizations like restaurants have adopted such a culture. The ‘tough guy macho’ culture is a high risk and reward oriented culture. In addition to this, such organizations focus on the present rather than long term goals. An example of this would be the police force. Process culture works for low risk and slow feedback oriented organizations. These organizations, observe a lot of bureaucracy. Banks and insurance companies fall into this category. Lastly, ‘bet-the-company’ culture is common with organizations that are involved in high risk business that gives slow feedback (Hartnell et al. 2011, p. 12). A lot of planning and work is put into the realization of goals. Oil companies and aircraft manufactures are some of the organizations with such a culture. An organization’s culture determines its output as pointed out by Denison et al. (2004, p. 98-109). A strong culture is one where the staff aligns themselves to the norms and lives up to the expectations. In such cultures, work progresses smoothly and the organization easily realizes its goals and ob jectives. Furthermore, a strong culture organization benefits in that the employees have high motivation (O’ Reilley et al., 2006: p. 487). Moreover, organizational culture increases team cohesiveness. Different departments and divisions within the company closely work together. This fosters harmony. This in turn promotes consistency. The staff finds their niche and can easily coordinate their activities. Once they adopt the norms, they know what is expected of them and work effortlessly in keeping up with the norms. Hence, it also shapes